Form - Each poem has some kind of form or design, a configuration of all its parts. Generally, poems are classified as fixed or closed forms and open forms.

1. Closed form is visible on sight when seen on paper. The verses or lines follow a pattern and have certain measures and stanzas.

2. Open Form or free verse is a form that has neither a rhyme scheme nor a basic meter. No pattern is followed because the writer seeks a  form poems follow Charles Olson’s theory of projective verse where poets compose lines “by listening to their own breathing” while observing pauses or cesuras.

The Psalms, prose poems, visual poems, concretes poem, and other experimental poems such as found poems, name poetry, chance poetry, and alphabet poems are examples of the open form poetry.

Tone – the tone of a poem conveys an attitude towards its subject or theme. It may express affection, wonder, humility, admiration, amusement, tenderness, playfulness, humor, sarcasm, contempt, sadness, curiosity, doubt, or grief.

Persona – The persona is considered the speaker or fictitious character created by the poet to serve as the “voice” of the poem.

Imagery – The use of imagery is an attempt of the writers to concretize abstract ideas and emotions. Images in poetry generally mean ‘a word or sequence of words that appeal to any sensory experience appealing to sight (visual), sound (auditory), touch (tactile), smell (scent) and taste (flavor)’.

Figurative Language – Writers are figurative language to state ideas in vivid and imaginative ways. It is a statement not meant to be taken literally. Sometimes, a whole poem may have certain figurative lines, but at other times, an entire poem may be one extended figure of speech.

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