German Heinkel 111 aircraft – one of the most famous bombers. The workers of the firm "Heinkel" for the characteristic shape of the wings called it "flying shovel" ("Fliegende Schaufel"). Pilots dubbed the plane "gofer" ("Maedchen fuer alles") for what he used to solve a variety of tasks. Not 111 raised at high altitude Luftwaffe prestige in the international arena. Successful application of the plane in Spain caused by the British and French politicians peculiar psychosis of fear and forced them to make significant concessions to Hitler. No 111 has passed all the 2-nd World War and was, together with the Ju 88, the main German Luftwaffe bombers.
The most intriguing and unusual was the modification of aircraft, developed by brothers Gunther in 1941. The aircraft consisted of two 111 not connected with each other in pyatimotorny lift heavy gliders. On the work is not over 111Z (Zwilling – twins) started in early 1941, when I found out that the Luftwaffe did not have enough powerful tugs to transport gliders Ju 322 and Me 321 prototypes have already been prepared. Both types of gliders, founded in 1940, keeping in mind the plan “See Loewe” (invasion of England). The work was done in such haste that no one began to wonder what the plane needed to haul these monsters. First, try to use for these purposes Me 110. which, due to large losses, gradually removed from service. But the one on Me “is not blowing, so they had to harness once three aircraft, which required the pilots a great apprenticeship and coherence. Therefore, General E. Udet (Udet). visiting the company Heinkel. commissioned as soon as possible to establish a database is not 111 aircraft, capable of towing heavy gliders alone. Despite the fact that a lift had to be quickly and cost-effectively, the test took three months. After testing two prototype was sent to Rechlin, where they were appreciated. The winter of 1941 at a plant in Mariane started assembling the first five 111Z Not based on 10 No 111 H-6 (some sources claim that only released 10 Not 111Z. Of these, five (2 prototype, and three serial machines) on the basis of no-111N 6 and 5 on the basis of not 111H-16), and in late winter – early spring of 1942 five cars on the basis of not 111N-16. In the late spring of 1942 all cars were already in parts.
As the power of the four motors was not enough to haul heavy airframe, the aircraft entered into the construction of additional sections of the wing, which placed fifth engine Jumo 211F-2, and additional fuel tanks. The car continued to be easy to administer and was powerful enough to tow a heavy gliders. The crew consisted of seven people (instead of ten in the two usually do not 111N). Two pilots were located in one of each cabin, and the co-pilot at the same time acting as navigator. At the pilots to bear the brunt of an airplane, especially during takeoff and landing. Sync engine and chassis require extensive experience flights at no 111. but most important was the coordination of work of pilots, because they each managed their own chassis and engines (one of the two, the other three).
Dry weight of the aircraft was about 14,000 kg, and takeoff with a normal amount of fuel – 20000 kg. With four extra fuel tanks could keep the plane aloft for up to 10 hours, dragging an Me 321 or three Go 242 at distances up to 4000 km. To facilitate the launch of airfields has allowed the installation to not 111Z four rocket boosters R-Geraet. For a flight of three engines lacked power, and level flight could be made and the two outer engines, subject to the symmetry of thrust.
111Z is not passed the exam in difficult field conditions so well that in the RLM decided in 1944 to develop this idea and create a long-range bomber Z-2 and Z-3 reconnaissance. The bomber was supposed to be 7000 kg of bombs at a distance of 4000 km, and scout the pictures of objects removed at 6000 km. Both projects were not implemented for economic and military reasons.
One of the main disadvantages Not 111 was its low ceiling, not exceeding 6000 meters. This defect tolerated, relying on new altitude bomber, but when in 1943 it became clear that such a machine will not be high-altitude bomber tried to do from the “errand boy”. First production engine Jumo 21 IF tried to force, setting the turbocharger and a new cooling system. But tests have shown that this is not the best option. Therefore, this project has received the designation is not 111R-1, rejected, and in early 1944 began work on the following – Not 111R-2. R-2 received the DB 603 engines power 1785 hp These motors have a built turbo type Hirth or TKL 15. so that the aircraft developed a speed of 500 mph at altitudes of 14,000 meters. But tests have not prototype 111V32, DB 601U equipped with engines and turbo TC 9 AU, which did not allow the aircraft to achieve the desired results. Therefore, any attempt to create a high-altitude bomber based on the 111 is not submitted.
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