CAUSE
Orchitis may be caused by several bacteria and viruses. The virus most often causes orchitis is mumps virus (mumps). Nearly 15-25% of men who suffered from mumps after puberty will develop orchitis. Orchitis is also found in 20-20% of men suffering from brucellosis. Orchitis is often associated with infections of the prostate or epididymis, and is a manifestation of sexually transmitted diseases (such as gonorrhea or chlamydia).

Risk factors for orchitis not related to sexually transmitted diseases are:

• Mumps immunization inadequate
• Advanced age (over 45 years)
• Recurrent urinary tract infections
• Abnormalities of the urinary tract.

Risk factors for orchitis associated with sexually transmitted diseases are:

• Changing partners
• History of sexually transmitted diseases in couples
• A history of gonorrhea or other sexually transmitted diseases.

SYMPTOMS
Symptoms include:

• swelling of the scrotum
• Affected testis feels heavy, swollen and palpable soft
• Swelling of the groin on the side of the affected testis
• fever
• Out pus from the penis
• Pain when urinating (dysuria)
• Pain during sexual intercourse or when ejaculation
• Groin pain
• Testicular pain, can occur when a bowel movement or straining
• Semen contains blood.

Diagnosis
Diagnosis based on symptoms and physical examination. Swelling of lymph nodes in the groin and swelling of the affected testis.

Other tests commonly performed are:

• Urinalysis
• Breeding urine
• Screening tests for chlamydia and gonorrhea
• Complete blood
• Examination of blood chemistry.

TREATMENT
If the cause is bacterial, antibiotics are given. There was also given pain medication and anti-inflammatory. If the cause is a virus, is only given pain medication. Patients should undergo bed rest, scrotum lifted and compressed with ice water.

PREVENTION
Mumps immunization can prevent the occurrence of orchitis caused by mumps, and no sexual behavior outside of marriage.