There are two types of plant propagation: seed and vegetative. When the seed sown seeds, and during vegetative use different plant parts: kidneys, growth, root sprouts, etc. In the fruit-growing seeds mostly propagated rootstock material for subsequent vaccinations they cultivars.

Terms of vaccination are usually confined to the most active of the cambium (spring or summer, sap flow – the core is well behind the wood). In the spring of graft handle (part of last year’s increase to three or four kidneys), and in summer – the kidney (shield). Shield – a slice of crust with a thin layer of wood in the middle of the kidney, taken from the middle part of the shoot this year.
Summer vaccine called budded (from the word “eye”, “eye”). Sometimes referred to as inoculation inoculation, the vaccine used in all nurseries. In Moscow time frames budding third decade of July to the first ten days of August, and in the south – until September.

Period spring vaccinations longer – from early April until late May. Scion material (shoots of last year) are usually harvested in late autumn or early winter (before frosts). Keep shoots better in the snow (but we must protect them from mice), or in cellars, refrigerators at a temperature of 4-5 degrees. Stems should be moist. Of course, we can take them in the spring (before bud break), but on condition that the winter was mild and podmerzaniya was not. Length of the shoots must be at least

30 cm cuttings taken from the middle part of the shoot, where the most developed buds. An average of one flight can be cut 2.3 of a shank.
What better way to instill

Ways to handle a lot of vaccinations, but in practice it is usually applied 3-4. Which one to choose depends on the thickness of the stock (ie the branch on which instill). For example, if the diameters of the cutting and stock are equal, then use the method of improving kopulirovki when the rootstock and scion do oblique slices with a tongue. When combining these slices cambial layers are the same. This is the safest way.

If the stock is thicker cuttings in 1,5-3 times, then apply the method of grafting “vpriklad with tongue.” This is the same improved kopulirovka, but combine one side and the bottom of the cut components. If the stock is thicker than the scion of 4-5 or more times, then apply the most simple way – bark grafting. But we must make sure that the crust is well behind the wood. Terms of vaccination by this method are limited to behind the bark.

Said method can be replaced by another, which does not require lagging bark – a split graft. Sometimes use the method that also does not require lagging bark – grafting a side desperately. In this case, the stock may not be thicker than the cutting of 3-4.

Survival rate of vaccination for all modes is primarily dependent on the quality of cuts and combining cambial layers. Oblique slice of cuttings should be smooth without recesses, and such length that it fits at least three diameters of the shank. In general, the longer the cut, the better. To use a special grafting grafting (kopulirovochnye) knives, razor-sharp. Dull knife will not make a good cut.

After connecting sections of them tied tape, adhesive tape or strips of PVC film for a tight connection and protection of immunization against drying. The ends of the sections of obscure horticultural pitch.

For more rapid accretion of vaccinations on the cutting wear a small plastic bag (soaked in water inside), which is the bottom tightly knotted. Read the package after the appearance of leaves on the cuttings.

Caring for immunization

Mandatory condition care after vaccinations – removing shoots that grow from buds below the injection site (visible and sleeping). They should be removed as they appear: if the grass shoots, then the hand, and if you are already woody – shears. It should be done as early as possible in order to give effect grafted cuttings. If you do not, then escapes from the bottom will dominate, and the graft will be restrained in growth.

Tying shots you can take a half or two months, and the thick rootstocks and later. It is necessary to periodically inspect whether the constrictions of tying. Inoculation with increased growth (especially in the way “under the bark) is best tied to a stick, which tied to the stock. This is to ensure that there was “broke” after removing the trim.

 Of course, to successfully cultivate the plants, all of these techniques to be mastered in practice. And then in your garden will grow wonder-trees and bushes.