Rainforests of all types are similar not only in ecology but also in general appearance. Trunk is slender and straight trees, root system surface. A characteristic feature of many species are doskovidnye or stilted roots. The bark is usually light and thin. Trees do not have growth rings, their maximum age – 200-250 years.
Crown small, the branching starts closer to the top. The leaves of most trees of medium size, leathery, often very hard. Many species (about 1000) is peculiar kaulifloriya-formation of flowers and then fruit on tree trunks and thick branches. The flowers are usually inconspicuous.
The vertical structure of forests are also distinctive. The stand forms a continuous canopy at a height of 35 m. It is dominated by some very high (up to 80 m) trees – emerdzhenty. Canopy itself is not divided into tiers, trees, forming it, have a different height and fill the entire vertical space.Causes of bad pronounced stratification, optimal growth conditions and the antiquity of this biocenosis: long-term trees of different species have adapted to living together. The number of tree species that can grow together, large, one can form an association of several tens and possibly hundreds. Shrub layer is absent, represented by low undergrowth trees.The grass cover is sparse, it is formed Shade plants: ferns, begonias and broad-leaved grasses, as well as saprophytic and parasitic plants (raffleziya). The lower tiers are dense only where there are gaps in the canopy.
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