The term Intellige comes from the Latin, meaning to relate, organize or INTERLEGERE, which involves establishing relationships between relationships.
Even the terminology suggests that intelligent thinking beyond that is limited to establishing relationships between objectives and essential characteristics of phenomena and not relations between relations. How complex is this side of yourself is clear from the approach advocated in the history of philosophy and to the intelligence psihologiei.Parerile ranged from acceptance and emphasizing its role in knowledge, to diminish its significance or even to eliminate it from human existence .
Socrates and Plato believed that allows human intelligence to understand the world order and to conduct himself and Boudha advocate for human release of intelligence to reach the highest form of thinking fericire.Pentru Western intelligence appear to attribute essential, fundamental human which makes man what he is, for Oriental thinking, intelligence was reduced to minimum.Au was very controversial and functions inteligentei.Unii authors have shown almost unlimited confidence in the power of intelligence, while others have minimized a. For Hegel, intelligence was a guardian of the whole psychic life (he says that “the heart and will of truth and rationality can be found only in universal singularity intelligence and not feeling”), to form images Montaigne intelligence wrong about God, people and world so it should focus on herself and views on the relationship between intelligence and other mental functions are divided.
Kant sees union with sensitivity, only this overlap total and absolute knowledge flowing.Leonardo Da Vinci tied sensitive intelligence, the sight of Kant.Cadillac, for which all knowledge Fri sensualistul first senses, adding that intelligence appears as a distiller, a mechanism that allows refining raw material furnizatde senses. Pascal believes that intelligence is inhibited by the overflowing affection. And Shopenhauer sees intelligence as being subordinated to the will, only primary and fundamental element.
All these contradictory opinions were passed on intelligence to define and establish the components and functions.
Descartes, it seems that the definition gave the closest modern understanding of intelligence.French philosopher defined intelligence “means to acquire a perfect knowledge about the infinite lucruru. In this definition, we find two positions intuition current notion of intelligence: the complex system of operations, the general skills, speaking about intelligence as a systemcomplex operations that condition generally approach and solving the various problem situations and tasks, we consider operations and skills, such as adapting to new situations, inference and generalization, correlation and integration into a whole of parts relatively disparate, consequences and outcome prediction, comparing alternatives quickly act and retain the optimal solution and easily correct problems with increasing degrees of dificultate.Toate these skills and operations reveals least three fundamental characteristics of intelligence:
A. ability to solve new situations;
Two. speed, mobility, suppleness, its flexibility;
Three. adequate and efficient adaptability to circumstances (Pierre Janet defined as a conduct as)
Intelligence is a mental activity as a whole, the expression of superior organization of all mental processes, including affective – motivational and valitionale. As they form and develop mechanisms and operations will meet all other mental functions flexible and supple intelligence.
Leibniz best predicts this, referring to intelligence that excpresie effort evolutionary consciousness. In psychology, Piaget described this characteristic masterly to genetic epistemology.
At the beginning of our century, English C.Sperman distinguished psychologist, in series of human skills, a factor G (general) that participate in the activity of all phenomena, and many factors S (special), which correspond, operational, only the concrete conditions of activity that (scientific, artistic, sporting, etc.). General factor is intellectual, as understanding and problem solving is required in any activity. Therefore G factor was confused with intelligence.
The term intelligence has a double supported: on the one hand the process of assimilation and information processing variables in order of optimal adjustments, on the other hand, arising out of competency in operational structures endowed with certain attributes (complexity, fluidity, flexibility , productivity), which ensures efficient conduct. These qualities are characteristic of the subject, is invariatii that can be statistically evaluated and are instances of a particular rank dee nivfel or functional value. Intelligence, thus appears as a system of individual subjects and their stable traits that are manifested in the quality of human intellectual activity centered thinking.Central process of thinking is closely linked. Even though combined organic celelalte.Psihologul Thunstone America, in this perspective, operating on more established research and intelligence factors such as: reasoning (deductive and inductive), memory, capacity calculation, perceptual speed, operating space, the understanding of words and verbal fluency. Thus there are about 7 or 8 factors of intelligence, measured by its final effects, present a global factor G is not invalidated. Place nothing or intelligence structure problem after latest formulations, cognitive style problem.
Moreover, the psychology of thought, various distinctions were made between analytic and synthetic, practical and theoretical, reproductive and productive, crystallized and fluid, convergent and divergent etc..
About cerebral lateralisation, considering that the left hemisphere specializes in verbal and semantic order and right hemisphere has handling functions and spatial relationships of configuration images will likely shape through research, types of intelligence with the dominant logic -semantic or spatial-imaging.
In fact and intelligence tests are verbal and nonverbal (figurative), as are the batteries of tests that make use of both mntipuri samples (Wachslen). Andrew Roman Cosmovici through his research, identified as the common factor G for various capacities.
J.Piaget, promoted by genetic psychology, confirm the view of intelligence as a general skill that is the native. Adaptation consists of the balance between assimilation and accommodation Information on existing schemes and restructuring imposed by the new information does not match perfectly with the old scheme. Balancing on a Piaget identify prevailing intelligence occurs in the accommodation, the restructuring or reorganizations mental. As intelligence is equivalent to the rate accommodations which allow a better understanding and problem solving.If assimilation is superficial and accommodating (the processing of information) does not occur only slowly and poorly, then the balance is insufficient intelligence, those who have dealt with mental debility charging phenomena of “viscosity” mental or functional fixity opposite flexibility.
Considering that intelligence as an instrumental structure, its own individual personality, must show that the very experience of life and especially the educational and professional experience a highlight and to assess them. Empirically, intelligence can be measured by the yield learning, and depth of understanding and ease after difficulty and novelty of problems after the subject is able to solve.
Today, psychology persists about whether intelligence is the ability of acquiring general knowledge, reasoning and problem solving and it involves different types of skills. Most opt %u200B%u200Bfor the first hypothesis.
New research done from the perspective of cognitive psychology and neuropsychology, linking intelligent behavior neurological efficiency could bring exacting specifications in this regard.