More than 30 million Europeans migrated to the Americas in three-quarters of a century before the First
World War II and about two-thirds settled there permanently.
It was a consequence of
general development of the capitalist economy in America and Europe. Emigration, in fact, was
strongly stimulated by rapid industrialization on the one hand and the U.S.colonization of vast virgin lands in the U.S. itself, Canada, in Argentina and in Brazil, and other labor-surplus determined gradually in the various countries of Europe by demographic revolution and the entry of these countries in economic capitalism.
However the strong population growth and the emigration movement had a different duration in different
countries. In general we can say that in countries that carried out the industrial boom in
late nineteenth century, the strong population growth and migration phenomena were typical of the transition from a predominantly agricultural structure to a predominantly
industrial and that migration is almost completely drained when industrialization came to a level that would result in strong absorption of labor and then a significant decrease in the quotient of such birth;however, in countries that have had a late and industrial development
insufficient, the strong population growth has continued much longer and so emigration, which in many of them still quite large.
Italy belongs substantially within this group of countries, but has some special features that the approach to the countries of the former group. To clearly assess this character it must first be remembered that Italy at the time the unit suffered from a certain imbalance between its fairly dense population and relatively limited resources of its economy, still relatively backward agricultural and overall.
From this imbalance, as well as other circumstances
Local, came the temporary migration of workers from high enough above the pre-alpine and alpine areas (Veneto, Lombardy and Piedmont) to France, Switzerland and the countries of Central Europe; this primarily seasonal migration, which had been traditions, was added within thirty or forty years before the unit a more limited permanent migration, which led to the formation of cores large enough to Italian immigrants in France, Tunisia, Egypt, Argentina and Uruguay. In the wake of these old current emigration intensified around 1870, when they started as groups of workers from the poorer and mountainous areas of Southern Italy and even more after 1880, when the intensification of population growth coincided with the agrarian crisis: they moved a bit then immigrant’s from all regions, but especially those from southern and (Veneto), and greatly increased the overseas emigration, which became even bigger in the years between 1887 and 1895, characterized by a general economic crisis. At the same time, albeit in minor, temporary increased emigration, mainly aimed at first and then to France to Germany and other European countries, attracted by the labor demand for workers in construction, road and rail and also to the industries of these countries.
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