“… The heat was unbearable … We were walking on uneven ground, it has never gone before, and she barely has emerged, it has only recently solidified, it proceeded from the depths of the heat of fire … This hard rock passed into the magical dough from which molded the earth … “

So described his experience of visiting the volcano known scholar and writer who lives in Belgium, Harun Ta ziev. This report from the bottom of a volcanic crater with a lava lake shore.

His other book, too, about volcanoes, Taziev called “Meetings with the Devil,” expressing in this title related to volcanoes as something extremely horrific and inhumane.

Volcano – a cone-shaped mountain with a hole (crater) on top of which (if active volcano), eruptions streams of molten rock (lava or magma), and poisonous gases. From the vent connecting the surface of our planet with its deep subsurface, fly with great speed and thunder of multi-ton stones (”volcanic bombs”).

Slovo_ “volcano” comes from the name of the god of fire and blacksmithing Vulkana_iz Roman myths. In I. was one of the most powerful in human history, the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in Italy, on the shores of the Bay of Naples.

The eruption in two days lost city of Pompeii, and two of the city.

In the Tretyakov Gallery you can see a picture of Karl Bryullov “The Last Days of Pompeii.”

Ash clouds eclipsed the sun, streams of lava, mud and stones flooded the city, the air was filled with poisonous vapors. People tried to hide in their homes and died there, or from suffocation or a crumbling roof.

After many centuries, archaeologists have unearthed the city perfectly preserved under volcanic ash. All the volcanoes erupted in historical time, are applicable.

They are on the Earth about 600. Those volcanoes that retain their shape, but not ejaculate on record not once, called the slumbering – they can still come to life. And only those who have destroyed and eroded cone are considered extinct.

During the eruption of liquid magma rises through the channel – vulkaya vents when lifting it may at some site and then solidified form “plugs” that lead to explosions, to cracks and new side channels of the eruption.

Volcanoes are places where the crust is split by deep fissures – and where the faults close to the surface lie pockets of molten magma.

High blood pressure causes it to rise.

Gases, saturate the melt, explode, releasing high (in miles) fragments of lava and ash.

When in 1883 there was an explosive’s throw from the volcano Krakatau ejected to a height of several kilometers ash almost twice circled the globe.

Everywhere there was a strong turbidity of the atmosphere, and morning and evening sunsets is unusually bright. And this is repeated throughout the whole year.

A strong explosion occurred in 1956 in Kamchatka during the eruption of the volcano Nameless.

Several cubic kilometers of ash was ejected to a height of 45 km.

Over time, as a result of a particularly large explosion at the next eruption could collapse the volcano and the top part, and it just fail down into the magma chamber.

In such cases, instead of the usual wide crater formed by a failure to tens of kilometers in diameter – the so-called a caldera (a Spanish word meaning “cauldron *).

In order to “grown up” cone of the volcano, enough to slow flow of lava on the slopes of the mountain.

It is necessary that the lava had time to cool, solidify, and thus stay on the slope. But if the lava is liquid, it quickly runs down the slope and spreads in all directions at its foot.

In this case, the hardened lava forms a kind of shield, in which there is a caldera lake of boiling lavy.Suschestvuyut underwater volcanoes.

When they erupt on the ocean floor, and above them may have waves coming to shore as the devastating tsunami.

Volcanic eruption is often a real disaster for the surrounding population.

In most cases, it can predict the appearance of various signs that the volcano “wakes up”: increased yield of gas and mineral waters on its slopes, increasing their temperature, subterranean noise is heard.

In the history of Earth’s volcanic activity played a huge role in the formation of such rocks as basalt, tuff (compressed ash), which are used as building materials.

In Kamchatka, in the village Pauzhetka, working heat and power plant that uses steam, which rises in wells with depths.

Scientists are thinking and working to directly collect heat from the deep chamber of one of the Kamchatka volcanoes. Volcanic activity is common to all planets of the solar system in the process of evolution. Best of all we are familiar volcanoes of Mars.

They found the giant volcano Olympus height of 24 km.